Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0: Opportunities and Threats

Industry 4.0 promises to revolutionize industrial production with increased operational efficiency, the development of new business models, services and products. It enables real-time production planning and dynamic optimization in contrast to conventional forecast. The tools and technological advances developed by Industry 4.0 will have a significant role to improving the quality of life in society in order to enable a happier, motivated, and satisfied and with more time for leisure. As a consequence, it will increase productivity and the mankind will choose the direction and the kind of society we want to create in the future to promote equal wealth distribution. As consequence of Industry 4.0 emerges Society 5.0, beginning in Japan, due to the concern of the ageing population. Society 5.0 focuses on the use of tools and technologies developed by Industry 4.0 to benefit the humankind. Intelligent systems, developed by Industry 4.0, could be seen by society as a beneficial rather than as adversaries. Future society could benefit from advanced technology in solving problems and economically. Society 5.0 has a special focus to position the human being at the centre of innovation, technological transformation and industrial automation, stimulated by Industry 4.0. This new Society 5.0 paradigm will play a predominant role in creating a happier, satisfied, fulfilled and consequently more productive society. Society 5.0, also called the super intelligent society, intends to use advanced technology of Industry 4.0 for enjoyment of humankind, in order to promote an interconnection between people and systems in cyberspace with optimization of results by artificial intelligence.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), under project UID/EMS/00151/2013 C-MAST, with reference POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007718.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Computational tool to foster systematic thinking and sustainable environmental conscience in the selection of energy sources systems in agrifood companies

The agrifood sector is mainly composed by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The large majority of these companies does not have the resources, either financial or human, to develop or use with tailored computational systems aimed to improve the organizational management of the company. There are undeniable advantages of the extended use of real-time software systems like Enterprise Resources Management (ERP) or Customer Relationship Management (CRM) devoted to practices, strategies and technologies in the integrated management and interaction between all sectors of companies. However, these SMEs have limited resources to implement and use the abovementioned solutions, which in turns may reflect on the competitiveness. This paper describes an easy and expedite computational tool to help the decision-making concerning the selection of energy sources systems in agrifood companies. The tool provides an overview of types of energy sources used in specific agrifood sectors, as well as their major sources of pollution. Several scenarios (balance between energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions) are predicted to help decision-making on these topics. These scenarios results are compared with the average results of the specific agrifood sector. The results are also provided graphically to help an easy and expedite analysis. The use of this tool aims to foster systematic thinking and sustainable environmental conscience, promoting the energy efficiency and consequently improving the competitiveness by reducing one of today’s largest fixed costs of companies: energy consumption. Additionally, this tool also provides a prediction of the greenhouse gas emissions, to help a more sustainable and responsible commitment with the environment. The main goal of this tool is to provide the opportunity to perform individualized analysis of scenarios of energy-sources mix leading to the improvement of the performance of companies, and implementing a new thinking of continuous improvement, in order to increase competitiveness.+AGRO - Organizational qualification, energy and health and safety in the work of the agrifood industryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Review of sensing methods for fruits and vegetables in the workfield and industrial environments

This review describes the multiple working principles and technological solutions that have been developed and applied in features extraction of horticultural products, both in the field and industrial environments. This paper intends to contribute to the development and utilization of portable agricultural equipments. Currently the research on sensing technology for fruits and vegetables is focused on computer vision equipment and algorithms, being the main purpose to support the automation of various agricultural and industrial processes, although there is a lack of integration of these technologies in useful systems.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

5S computational tool adjusted to the systematic review of occupational health and safety procedures in agrifood industries

Numa sociedade cada vez mais competitiva e com um ambiente económico desfavorável, é necessário que as pequenas e médias empresas (PME) se atualizem para promover o aumento da sua eficiência. As empresas fazem uso cada vez mais frequente de ferramentas computacionais para apoiar a criação de cenários, a fim de facilitar a tomada de decisões. As PME representam uma parte importante do mercado nacional e, portanto, exigem esse tipo de ferramentas de suporte. A ferramenta computacional descrita neste artigo tem como objetivo facilitar e implementar uma nova cultura de gestão de negócios direcionada a PME agroalimentares, fazendo uso da filosofia 5'S ajustada à revisão sistemática de procedimentos e tarefas de higiene saúde e segurança no trabalho.In an increasingly competitive society, and with an unfavorable economic environment, it is necessary for small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) to update themselves in order to promote the increase of their efficiency. Companies have increasingly taken on computational tools to support scenario creation in order to facilitate decision-making. SMEs represent an important part of the national market and thus require these kind of tools as an asset. The computational tool described in this paper aims to facilitate and implement a new culture of business management directed to agrifood SME, making use of the 5’S philosophy adjusted to the systematic review of occupational health and safety procedures and tasks.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cognitive Manufacturing in Industry 4.0 towards Cognitive Load reduction: A Conceptual Framework

Cognitive manufacturing utilizes cognitive computing, the industrial Internet of things (IoT), and advanced analytics to upgrade manufacturing processes in manners that were not previously conceivable. It enables associations to improve major business measurements, for example, productivity, product reliability, quality, and safety, while decreasing downtime and lowering costs. Considering all the facts that can prejudice the manufacturing performance in Industry 4.0, the cognitive load has received more attention, since it was previously neglected with respect to manufacturing industries. This paper aims to investigate what causes cognitive load reduction in manufacturing environments, i.e., human–computer interaction technologies that reduce the identified causes and the applications of cognitive manufacturing that use the referred technologies. Thus, a conceptual framework that links cognitive manufacturing to a reduction of the cognitive load was developed.This research was funded by the project 026653|POCI-01-0247-FEDER-026653—INDTECH—New technologies for smart manufacturing, co-financed by the Portugal 2020 Program (PT 2020), Compete 2020 Program, and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The authors wish to thank the relevant bodies for the opportunity and financial support that permitted carrying out this project: Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) and C-MAST (Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies), under project UIDB/00151/2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Análise da Caracterização Territorial, Geográfica, Demográfica e Socioeconómica da Região Dão Lafões

Pretende-se com o presente documento caracterizar territorialmente, geograficamente, demograficamente e socioeconomicamente a Região Dão Lafões. A análise efetuada possibilitou a caracterização territorial da região, identificando-se os diversos municípios que a integram, assim como a sua área territorial. Também foi efetuado um estudo geográfico, com a indicação da localização geográfica da região e dos seus municípios. Geograficamente, foi possível observar a evolução da população e a densidade populacional ao longo dos últimos anos. Na análise socioeconómica foi efetuada uma revisão de diversos indicadores relevantes, tais como: o Poder de Compra per capita, o Valor Acrescentado Bruto, o Produto Interno Bruto, o Produto Interno Bruto per capita, a Produtividade do Trabalho e o Emprego, tanto para Região Dão Lafões como da Região Centro e de Portugal. Foi também estudado o tecido empresarial e económico da Região Dão Lafões e da Região Centro, comparativamente a Portugal. Após este estudo, foi possível identificar alguns problemas e fragilidades da Região Dão Lafões, obtendo-se um guião de prioridades. Constatou-se que esta região do interior, apresenta um tecido empresarial dinâmico, moderno e inovador com valências para acompanhar a evolução das regiões vizinhas. Contudo, esta deve ser revitalizada para aumentar a sua competitividade empresarial, sendo assim capaz de acompanhar e se integrar nos desafios da Indústria 4.0.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Synergic Relationship Between Industry 4.0 and Lean Management: Best Practices from the Literature

Industry 4.0 promises to make manufacturing processes more efficient using modern technologies like cyber-physical systems, internet of things, cloud computing and big data analytics. Lean Management (LM) is one of the most widely applied business strategies in recent decades. Thus, implementing Industry 4.0 mostly means integrating technologies in companies that already operate according to LM. However, due to the novelty of the topic, research on how LM and Industry 4.0 can be integrated is still under development. This paper explores the synergic relationship between these two domains by identifying six examples of real cases that address LM-Industry 4.0 integration in the extant literature. The goal is to make explicit the best practices that are being implemented by six distinct industrial sectors such as automotive, paper, furniture, healthcare, apparel, and machine manufacturing.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) and C-MAST (Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies), under project UIDB/00151/2020info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Estado da Arte

A qualidade dos frutos está muito dependente da carga de uma árvore. O calibre do fruto, i.e., a sua dimensão, é um parâmetro de qualidade com valorização económica. Este parâmetro encontra‑se intimamente relacionado com o correto ajustamento da carga. Caso a poda seja pouco severa para garantir maior produção e o vingamento dos frutos (transformação das flores em frutos) for elevado, obtém‑se um excesso de carga caso se verifiquem condições climáticas favoráveis. Nesta condição, resta aos produtores fazer o correto ajustamento da carga através da monda dos frutos. A monda manual é o método mais utilizado mas requer elevada disponibilidade de mão‑de‑obra, facto muitas vezes limitativo, e por ser moroso torna‑se bastante dispendioso.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Review of mechanized/automated fruit thinning devices

Nesta revisão descrevem-se os diferentes conceitos que têm vindo a ser desenvolvidos e explorados para a mecanização da monda do fruto e os resultados obtidos com recurso aos mesmos. Incluem-se algumas referências a equipamentos destinados à monda da flor pelas características que os dois processos partilham. O método manual da monda do fruto permanece como aquele mais frequentemente utilizado e como o que apresenta melhores resultados pela selectividade que permite, no entanto, apresenta-se como sendo bastante moroso e dispendioso. Têm sido investigadas soluções que recorrem a equipamentos de grandes dimensões. Apenas um estudo analisa a viabilidade da utilização de máquinas portáteis para monda do fruto. Os resultados económicos obtidos com as soluções analisadas não se mostram consistentes ou viáveis, apesar destas permitirem reduzir a carga de fruto, aumentando o seu calibre e actuar numa janela temporal reduzida. Foi possível constatar que todos os equipamentos analisados se baseiam num de dois conceitos: veio rotativo com elementos de impacto flexíveis; dispositivo vibratório. Esta revisão pretende contribuir para a análise da viabilidade tecnológica e económica da utilização de equipamentos portáteis para a monda do fruto, assim como para apoiar o desenvolvimento deste tipo de sistemas.This review describes the different concepts that have been developed and investigated concerning the mechanization of fruit thinning, as well as the obtained results. Some references to equipment related to blossom thinning are provided, due to the shared properties of the two processes. Manual fruit thinning is still the most frequently used thinning method, and also the one that attains the best results due to the high level of selectivity that it enables to achieve, although it is very expensive and time-consuming. Solutions that require large equipment are the most commonly researched. Only one study analysed the viability of hand-held fruit thinning devices. None of the equipment hereby analyzed presented solid positive economical results, although they could reduce the fruit load and enabled the growers to act on a smaller time period. It was noticed that all the devices based themselves upon one of two concepts: rotating shaft with stems; shaker. This revision intends to contribute for the analysis of the technological and economical viability of hand-held fruit thinning devices, as well as to support the development of this type of systems.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mejora de la gestion de los residuos industriales a través de la filosofía lean y industria 4.0

Objetivos: Ante la creciente importancia de la sostenibilidad, se propone un modelo eficiente que permite a identificación y cuantificación de los residuos industriales. Metodología: Primero se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de los modelos existentes de aplicación conjunta: Sostenibilidad, Filosofía Lean e Industria 4.0. Análisis crítico de los modelos existentes de aplicación conjunta de estos conceptos. Elaboración de la propuesta del modelo y análisis de los resultados. Conclusiones: El modelo propuesto, además de contribuir para el cumplimiento de las leyes vigentes, permite una mejor percepción de los residuos producidos, incluyendo su caracterización. Esto promueve al encaminamiento de los residuos a las entidades responsables y competentes para su recogida y reciclaje, mostrando un cambio en la empresa en las políticas de gestión ambiental. Limitación / implicación de la investigación: El coste inherente a la reorganización del diseño del layout puede ser limitante, ya que depende del tipo, tamaño, características de la empresa y la flexibilidad de su sistema de producción existente. Originalidad / Valor del papel: Es un modelo nuevo de aplicación conjunta de los tres conceptos y colmata el vacío de los modelos ya existentes. Esto permite a las organizaciones tener un mayor conocimiento sobre los residuos producidos